Innovation Spotlight: Introducing the LCOCEOS Metric

POST 22 (Original) — Innovation Spotlight: Introducing the LCOCEOS Metric

Innovation in the renewable sector often happens faster than the vocabulary can keep up. At TWEFDA, we identified a critical gap in how the value of hybrid energy systems is calculated. Below is a comparison of the key metrics shaping our industry.

LCOE SCOE Standard Levelised Cost of Energy used to assess SCOE expands on LCOE by including all cost factors generation costs over a plant’s lifetime. relevant to society as a whole. This includes: Social effects (e.g., impact on property values) LCOE is the traditional metric for comparing the cost of Subsidies (for both renewables and conventional different energy generation technologies. It calculates sources) the average cost per megawatt-hour (MWh) of Environmental impact (including a realistic CO₂ electricity generated over the lifetime of a plant. price) LEARN MORE Employment effects Geopolitical risk impact Transmission and variability costs SCOE provides a macro-economic yardstick for the real cost/benefit ratio of energy technologies. Explore Data

LCOS LFSCOE Levelized Cost of Storage, measuring the total lifetime Levelised Fully Firm System Cost of Electricity, cost of an energy storage system divided by introduced by Robert Idel in Dave Borlace’s analysis to cumulative energy delivered. value total system stability.

LCOS measures the average cost of storing and then Introduced by Robert Idel in Dave Borlace’s video, discharging electricity, accounting for the full lifecycle LFSCOE considers the cost of delivering electricity that of storage technologies. It is crucial for evaluating the is always available (“fully firm”), factoring in the need economic viability of energy storage solutions. for backup and grid integration. Storage Insights WATCH ANALYSIS

NEW: LCOCEOS (Levelized Cost of Combined Energy Or Storage)

To speak about ESWave, TWEFDA coined a term, which is a Hybrid Functionality Energy Device (HFED). Get in touch, to leave your thoughts on this, or any other part of this email you think requires discussion.

This term was needed for the ESWave’s ability to provide complementary functions such as generation or storage on demand, which is exactly what the Grid requires at any time. The complementary functionality with one single

PTO might be a market first value proposition. See research at TWEFDA’s website

Probably the closest leading technology that implements generation and storage in one single frame comes from the Ocean Hydro Omni at Hydro Wind Energy. It’s worth pointing out that, in spite of the apparent advantage of generation AND storage in one single frame, our electricity grid requires, at any times, only one of the two functionalities, which means that generation OR storage is a much more compelling argument.

Another very close example is a moto/generator, such as those used in hybrid cars or the one used in a typical pumped-hydro application. The difference with TWEFDA’s development is that the moto/generator uses internal energy in generation mode, which means that no extra energy is generated from it.

An ESWave rises storing gravitational energy using external resources, sometimes generated by another ESWave. Nonetheless, when the ESWave comes back to the ocean, it enters the generation mode providing energy, this time, from wave reciprocation. This process can be done on a 24/7 basis reducing or eliminating the need of additional machineries and reducing or eliminating renewable’s most pressing drawback, which is intermittency.

In addition, with ESWave you validate one single PTO. This comes with one single project, with lower CAPEX and doing whatever the grid is asking it to do.

Let’s understand the problem. The grid needs to be balanced and uses machines to accomplish this task, but if we produce power (generation) or we charge our storage devices (storage) when the grid doesn’t want it, we are harming the grid. That’s why neither generation nor storage devices are, in isolation, a perfect fit.

Strategic Advantage: Generation OR Storage

While some devices attempt to do both simultaneously, combining functions can lead to inefficiencies. TWEFDA’s ESWave focuses on the power of choice.

The Generation AND Storage Model

Other machines offer simultaneous generation and storage. However, this often does not target the essential need of the National Grid, which at any time needs either generation or storage [this is linked to the need to balance consumption (storage) and supply (generation)]. In addition, you need to prove, buy and maintain two different PTOs, one for the generator, and one for the storage.

ESWave: Generation OR Storage

ESWave uses a single PTO to switch modes on demand. This dedicated focus ensures maximum efficiency for whichever task the grid requires in real-time.

In addition, it does not harm the Grid, by not providing what the Grid does not want at that precise time.

Grid Balancing: The 2026 Mandate

Referencing NESO’s pivotal 2024 report, the global shift toward intermittent renewables makes real-time grid balancing more than a convenience—it is a necessity for stability. Unlike standard generators, ESWave utilizes a single PTO to switch modes on demand. Download the Report Summary

Beyond LCOE: A Technical Deep Dive

Standard metrics are evolving to meet the complexity of the modern grid. We are closely monitoring the work of industry leaders like Robert Idel and Dave Borlace to refine our understanding of complementary functionality.

ESWave vs. other leading technologies

While technologies like the Ocean Hydro Omni offer impressive generation AND storage with 2 devices assembled in the same frame, ESWave’s distinction lies in its integration of the two complementary functionalities in one single machine, with one single PTO which provides wave-based generation or gravitational storage on demand, increasing versatility.

The Value of HFEDs

LCOE and LCOS are standards parlance. ESWave combines these two in a manner where the time is distributed on:

Generating from wave energy in generation mode Storing energy in storage mode Releasing energy stored in generation mode. Waiting for energy to be released in locked mode

This market-first dual complementary functionality may suggest the incorporation of a new metric, the LCOCEOS (Levelised Cost of Combined Energy Or Storage), don’t you think?

Interested in a partnership? Extra Resources Get in Touch! learn more

Welcome to TWEFDA

THANK YOU FOR VISITING TWEFDA.

TWEFDA is not designed as a conventional collection of independent webpages. Its pages and sections form an interconnected story — one that you can explore freely, or experience with narration and visual guidance.

But there is another reason for this Visitor Guide.

TWEFDA DOES NOT MEAN THE SAME THING TO EVERYONE. The underlying technology may be the same — but the value it can create depends on who is looking at it.

For investors

IP + commercial take-off + scalable licensing economics.

A protected technology platform, a defined first commercial route through WaveAmp, and a model intended to scale through licensing and royalties.

For industry

Integrate and license — without TWEFDA becoming the EPC.

A technology platform intended to complement developers, EPCs, infrastructure owners and commercial partners rather than replace them.

For citizens & taxpayers

More social and energy value from infrastructure and resources.

An exploration of whether energy infrastructure can deliver greater flexibility, usefulness and value from the resources committed to it.

For academia

Hypotheses that can be tested, challenged and independently validated.

A route based on scrutiny, simulation, experimentation, independent testing and evidence.

For public & social partners

Value that should extend beyond the technology itself.

Energy resilience, decarbonisation, industrial development, infrastructure efficiency, skills and societal value are part of the wider context.

SO, WHAT'S IN IT FOR YOU? Choose the perspective closest to yours. The technology will not change — but the part of the story that matters most to you might.

LET TWEFDA TELL THE STORY

You can use this website conventionally, or let TWEFDA guide you through it. You remain in control at all times.

Tell this pageStarts the story of the page you are visiting.

NarrationEnables spoken guidance as you move through the page.

Visual HelpReveals supporting visual guidance and narrative cues.

Section titlesWhen narration is enabled, titles can help you revisit or replay parts of the story.

Investors · What's in it for you?

A PROTECTED TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM WITH A DEFINED COMMERCIAL TAKE-OFF.

For an investor, TWEFDA is not simply an energy technology. It combines intellectual property, a defined first route to market, identifiable value-creation milestones and a commercial model designed around licensing and royalties.

Protected platform

You are looking at more than one product.

TWEFDA owns the wider technology and IP platform. Its European patent has been granted, further territorial protection is being pursued, and the scope extends beyond the first commercial application.

First commercial take-off

WaveAmp is the first stage — not the limit of TWEFDA.

WaveAmp focuses the first route: Weight-Changing Energy · Europe · Licensing & Royalties.

Capital → milestones → value

Capital should change the position of the business.

IP & commercial structure → Prototype → Independent testing → Validation → Commercial engagement.

Scalable economics

Commercial scale can come from deployment by others.

WaveAmp is intended to monetise technology primarily through licensing and royalty-based economics rather than becoming a capital-intensive EPC.

AND IF WAVEAMP SUCCEEDS? TWEFDA is intended to become a shareholder in WaveAmp, allowing the first commercial route to create value both as a business and as an asset capable of strengthening TWEFDA's future financial position.

The strategic objective is that TWEFDA's next major investment round should not begin as previous ones have: with valuable technology, but insufficient financial resources. Instead, it should be approached with greater validation, commercial traction, shareholder value and potentially financial returns generated through its first commercial route.

Technology→Investment→Investor's Room→Contact

Explore the Investment Case →Enter the Investor's Room

CHOOSE HOW YOU WOULD LIKE TO BEGIN.

THANK YOU FOR VISITING TWEFDA.

IP + commercial take-off + scalable licensing economics.

Integrate and license — without TWEFDA becoming the EPC.

More social and energy value from infrastructure and resources.

Hypotheses that can be tested, challenged and independently validated.

Value that should extend beyond the technology itself.

LET TWEFDA TELL THE STORY

A PROTECTED TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM WITH A DEFINED COMMERCIAL TAKE-OFF.

You are looking at more than one product.

WaveAmp is the first stage — not the limit of TWEFDA.

Capital should change the position of the business.

Commercial scale can come from deployment by others.

A TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM DESIGNED TO WORK WITH INDUSTRY — NOT REPLACE IT.

Your technology remains yours.

TWEFDA does not need to become your competitor.

Timing and controllability matter.

What more can the infrastructure we already have do?

ENERGY INNOVATION SHOULD ULTIMATELY CREATE VALUE BEYOND THE COMPANY THAT OWNS IT.

Can one physical platform perform more than one useful energy function?

Balancing the grid has a cost.

Innovation should contribute beyond private value.

What has not yet been proven should not be presented as if it has.

A TECHNOLOGY IS MORE INTERESTING WHEN IT CAN BE CHALLENGED.

Concept → modelling → analysis → prototype → testing → measured performance → validation.

Questions worth testing.

The machine is only part of the research question.

A result is more valuable when it does not depend solely on the inventor's own model.

THE ENERGY TRANSITION IS NOT ONLY A TECHNOLOGY PROJECT.

Create a route for credible innovation to be tested objectively.

Value cannot ultimately be assessed only in megawatts.

Renewable does not automatically mean sustainable.

The sea is not an empty industrial space.

POST 22 (Original) — Innovation Spotlight: Introducing the LCOCEOS Metric

More posts

Hello world!

ARCHIVE / SUPERSEDED — POST 31 import skeleton — 2 complementary functions in one single piece of hardware with one single Power TakeOff

POST 30 (Original) — Hybrid Wave Energy Insights: How Hybrid Wave Energy Works

POST 29 (Original) — Latest UK Grid Balancing Technology – Grid Technology Explained